Violations of Human Rights in the Arab-Israeli Conflict

Since the beginning of the Arab-Israeli conflict there have been countless human rights violations committed by both sides, but the majority of violations have been carried out by Israel against the Palestinians. In looking at the conflict, one may believe that every attack has featured a human rights violation, but in order to be able to properly determine what human rights violations are, one must know the history of human rights and how they are protected. The idea of human rights started with a man named Henri Dunant, who was a merchant present during the Battle of Solferino in Italy. In viewing this battle from a distance, Henri was disturbed by the mass amounts of dead and injured soldiers that were left without treatment. He†¦show more content†¦The UN Human Rights Council was formed at the 2005 World Summit and has the mission of investigating human rights violations around the world. The Rights Council works in conjunction with the UN Security Council and the Intern ational Criminal Court to prevent and deal with human rights violations. This cooperation led to the acceptance of Resolution 1674 in April of 2006, which calls all parties that are engaged in armed conflict to follow The Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and Protocols I and II from the Geneva Conventions. In adopting this resolution the UN Security Council wanted to focus on the protection of civilians during armed conflict and they stated that, â€Å"Appropriate steps would be adopted if the deliberate targeting of civilians and protected persons came to the attention of the Council.† Besides these international organizations there are many NGOs, Non-governmental organizations, which include: Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and the International Service for Human Rights look for and examine possible rights violations around the world. Combined these two forces, the IOs and NGOs, provide the world’s policing force against human rights violations and ensure that all of humanity is treated equally. It is from this â€Å"police force† that many of the human rights violations committed historically and presently in the Arab-Israeli conflict are coming into the light andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Role of Geography in the Arab-Israeli Conflict1675 Words   |  7 Pages The lust for territory seems to be the real source of conflict, and until one group is satisfied, the appearance of religious conflict will exist in the Middle East. It seems as if the real truth needs to be portrayed to the rest of the world about the true reason for the Arab-Israeli conflict, which is geography and ultimately water. The lack of water stems from the Great Syrian Rift Zone, and causes damage to Israeli land which ultimately decreases the amount of water that flows into the RedRead MoreJunction 48 Reflection Paper1393 Words   |  6 Pagesa 2016 film directed by Aloni, an Israeli and American filmmaker. This film describes young Israeli Arab musicians’ struggle against oppression from Israeli authority and nationalists and problems within Palestinian communities such as drug deals and honor crimes. The leading actor is Tamer Nafer, a Palestinian rapper born in a mixed Jewish-Arab city, Lod, which is also the setting of the film. His songs with lyrics depic ting the harsh reality of Israeli Arabs play an important role in this storyRead MoreOppression Is The Driving Force Behind The Violence1376 Words   |  6 PagesPalestinian Arabs, who were already living in the area. Many of these changes were oppressive and intrusive to the Palestinian Arabs’ way of life. As can be expected, wherever there is oppression, violence and fear normally follow. Both sides have suffered losses amidst this violence. Jews claim they fled to Palestine to avoid persecution and that establishing Israel as a Jewish state would be the only way to ensure their safety. Yet their safety, and now the safety of Palestinian Arabs, are both unsureRead MoreIslamic and Middle East World Conflicts1048 Words   |  4 Pagescurrent conflict in the Middle East and Islamic world stands as the biggest constraint to peace in the region? Discuss with reference to at least two conflicts. Historically, there have been many problems in the Middle East due to foreign occupation. Middle East has always been hot and it is still hot. However, there seems to be no end to the fire. There have been a lot of peace talk in the region, but the conflicts still is still unresolved. In this paper, I will discuss the top three conflicts inRead MoreThe Israeli Palestinian Conflict : A Long And Storied History1241 Words   |  5 Pages The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has a long and storied history. Israel was created in response to European anti-Semitism, with the ethno-nationalist vision of a Jewish territory of their own. By 1948, approximately 522,000 Jews had migrated to Palestine, most arriving during Hitler’s reign of terror that against Jews. Largely, Palestinians resented being expelled from their lands and bearing the burden of the persecution of European Jews. Consequently, the 1947 UN partition sparked aggression betweenRead MoreAmerican Media Coverage Of The Israeli Arab Conflict1551 Words   |  7 PagesMedia coverage of the Israeli-Arab conflict What is an Arab? In a great number of movies Hollywood provides the answer to this question: Arabs are cruel murderers, sleazy rapists, religious fanatics, oil-rich dimwits, and abusers of women (Shaheen 2). This is how Hollywood shows Arabs to the world. Throughout the history we can trace the discrimination in several media industry against African-American, Jewish, and Hispanic people. However, in some North America’s media Arabs are depicted more negativelyRead MoreThe Palestine Division: A Conflict Between Arabs and Israelis980 Words   |  4 PagesToday, as in most of human history, the world is always in war, extinct wars like World War II, apparently succeeding wars like Iraq and the United States and more hard as the war of Israel and Palestine. The last war mentioned, the Arab-Israeli conflict, has attracted the attention of the world for various issues such as the failed attempt at peace, or the history of both nations, but what is striking is the daily life of bot h sides, more specific daily terror of the Palestine for suicide bombingsRead MoreThe Plo As The Palestinian Sovereign1529 Words   |  7 PagesThe Legitimacy of the PLO as the Palestinian Sovereign Full Name Name of University Recitation Section TA Name Palestine has a right, under international and natural law, to self-determination under the borders which existed prior to Israel’s formation in 1948. The natural governing authority of the new Palestinian State to be formed within these borders is the Palestinian Authority (PLO) currently led by Mahmoud Abbas. Given that land was stolen from Palestinian natural sovereignty viaRead MoreIsrael Should Exist As A State Essay1940 Words   |  8 Pagescombatting against Palestinian soldiers in Gaza to prevent attacks on Israel coming from the Palestinian Government. This war has gone on for quite some time now; for years, actually. But how did this conflict develop? It certainly didn’t happen overnight. Before anyone can comprehend the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, one must understand the theory of Zionism. Theodor Herzl was the first Jew to have the idea of creating Israel. He was a witness of the Dreyfus affair, in which a Jewish officer was accusedRead MoreThe Israel Palestine Conflict Essay987 Words   |  4 Pages causing wars to break out and many unnecessary deaths to occur. Since then, things have changed greatly, and I don’t believe the conflict between them can currently be solved. The friction between these two countries and religions is still increasing, and so is the hostility that’s contained by the Palestinian people. Israel has committed many human rights violations, including killings, beatings, torture, and shootings at unarmed civilians; this includes children. Palestinians have no state or

Hofstede Model Of National Culture - 989 Words

SCETION:1 Hofstede Model of National Culture Introduction Culture is the social behaviour and integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behaviour that depends upon the capacity fro learning and transmitting knowledge to future generations It is the set of values, goals and practices that characterise an organisation A key to being successful in business internationally is to understand the role of culture in international business.cultural differences will have a direct impact on your profitability in any sectors of its operation.our knowledge about International cultural difference in†¦show more content†¦Corporate culture refers to the belief and behaviour of the employee of the particular company and the business managed by an organisation.A company’s culture will be reflected in the way of treating the clients, the behaviour of the particular company’s employees, satisfaction of clients, hiring decision made by the company, benefits for employees provided by the company and its business hours.corporate culture describes the character of the company not only by its general beliefs but also through its management strategies, company’s wide value system, work environment as well as visual symbols like logos and trademark. Cultural Dimensions Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross cultural communication which describes the effects of a society’s culture. Greet Hofstede came up with six basic issues that society needs in order to organise itself these are called dimensions of culture.Each of them has been expressed on a scale that runs roughly from 0 to 100.The six dimension model of national culture are given below Power distance index Individualism versus collectivism Uncertainty Avoidance index Masculinity versus femininity Long term versus short term orientation Indulgence versus Restraint The score on each dimension determines the position of the each country with various other countries.some combinations are tooShow MoreRelatedAn Overview Of Geert Hofstede Developed The First Empirical Model Of Dimensions Of National Culture996 Words   |  4 PagesReport Title – Individual Component Report Teacher – Claire Nicholls Date – 11th November 2014 Introduction Geert Hofstede developed the first empirical model of ‘dimensions’ of national culture. He was recognised internationally for the model that includes Power Distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs collectivism and Masculinity vs Femininity. The Dimension of Hofstede that is the basis of this report is uncertainty avoidance. Uncertainty Avoidance is how society reacts to an unusualRead MoreReview of Study: McSweeneys Hofstedes Model of National Cultural Differences and Their Consequences: A Triumph of Faith, A Failure of Analyses1463 Words   |  6 PagesMcSweeney, B. (2002) Hofstedes model of national cultural differences and their consequences: A triumph of faith a failure of analyses, Human Relations, 55, 1: 89-118 Name Institution Professor Course Date Introduction The research article by McSweeney (2002) ascertains that within every management disciplines, crucial literatures that presuppose that every nation holds its distinctive, describable and influential culture. According to McSweeney (2002), culture shapes every aspect of natureRead MoreCultural Constraints in Management by G. Hofstede904 Words   |  4 PagesA Critical Review of Hofstede, G. 1993, Cultural Constraints in Management Theories, The Executive, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 81-94. There have been many research and studies on the national cultures and its consequences on management theories by numerous researchers. Of those many, ‘Cultural constraints on management theories,’ by Hofstede (1993) is one that has been talked about by most scholars. He strongly claimed that management is a function of culture and that culture influences the way managersRead MoreUnderstanding National Culture And How Relevant Is Important Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesapproaches to understanding national culture and how relevant is such an understanding to an internationalising firm. â€Æ' Index 1.- Introduction 3 2.- Aproaches to National Culture 4 2.1.- Hall’s Context Culture Model 5 2.2.- Hofstede s Cultural Dimensions Theory 5 2.3.- Trompenaars Model of National Culture Differences 5 3.- Conclusion 6 4.- Bibliography 7 â€Æ' 1.- Introduction According to Hofstede definition, it is possible to develop the idea of national culture as a culture for a particular groupRead MoreAn Analysis of Management and Leadership Strategies Using the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Model616 Words   |  3 PagesStrategies Using the Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Model Introduction The Hofstede Cultural Dimensions Model is invaluable in evaluating the variations in cultural values across 93 different nations Dr. Hofstede profiled throughout his research efforts over the last three decades. Many corporations rely on this model for planning their globalization strategies, specifically looking at how best to align managers and leaders with specific attributes to nations whose cultures will be most complementaryRead MoreHofstede s Four Cultural Dimensions And Fons Trompenaars1225 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction Hofstede (1991) argued that culture was a social phenomenon, people had a mind programming which could distinguish with other people. According to Trompenaars (1997), ‘culture is a way a group of people act to solve problems.’ This report has introduced two approaches to look at culture, which are Geert Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions and Fons Trompenaars’ seven cultural dimensions. There are mainly demonstrated national cultural by critically evaluate these two approaches. TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Geert Hofstede s Cultural Theory1644 Words   |  7 PagesCulture influences our expectations of what is appropriate or inappropriate and also learned and reflects the values of a society. It frames our experiences and provides us with patterns of behavior, thinking, feeling, and interacting. In summary, culture affects every prospect of daily life - how we think and feel, how we learn and teach, or what we consider to be beautiful or cross-grained. However, most people are unaware of their own culture until they experience another. In fact, we don t regularlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Geert Hofstede s Cultural Theory1644 Words   |  7 PagesCulture influences our expectations of what is appropriate or inappropriate and also learned and reflects the values of a society. It frames our experiences and provides us with patterns of behavior, thinking, feeling, and interacting. In summary, culture affects every prospect of daily life - how we think and feel, how we learn and teach, or what we consider to be beautiful or cross-grained. However, most people are unaware of their own culture until they experience another. In fact, we don t regularlyRead MoreFive Aspects of Culture1688 Words   |  7 PagesAspects of Culture Hofstede s cultural factors    Explanations  gt;  Culture gt; Hofstede s cultural factors Power |  Self | Gender | Predictability | Time | So what?    Geert Hofstede, a Dutch cultural anthropologist, analyzed cultures along five dimensions. He rated 58 countries on each dimension on a scale from 1 to 100. Power Hofstede named this Power Distance (PD or PDI). It is the extent to which less powerful members expect and accept unequal power distribution. High PD cultures usuallyRead MoreUnderstanding National Culture And How Relevant Is Important1209 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction 3 2.- Approaches to National Culture 4 2.1.- Hall’s Context Culture Model (180) 4 2.2.- Hofstede s Cultural Dimensions Theory 5 2.3.- Trompenaars Model of National Culture Differences 6 3.- Conclusion 7 4.- Bibliography 8 â€Æ' 1.- Introduction According to Hofstede definition, it is possible to develop the idea of national culture as a culture for a particular group of humans that includes systems of values and is passed down between generations by learning. (Hofstede G. H., 1980, p. 21) Given

Video Games, Violence And Aggression - 1005 Words

Video Games, Violence and Aggression For many years, there have been arguments over violent video games and their harmful effects. The standards for violence in today’s society are different than when video games were first introduced. A person’s personality plays into how they are effected by violence. In an article written for the American Psychological Association, Patrick Markey determined, â€Å"certain combinations of personality traits can help predict which young people will be more adversely affected by violent video games.† He also stated â€Å"those who are negatively affected have pre-existing dispositions, which make them susceptible to such violent media.† (APA). In an article published by the APA for Harvard Health Publication, Dr. Christopher Ferguson, a psychology professor explained, â€Å"other researchers have challenged the association between violent video game use and school shootings, noting that most of the young perpetrators had personality traits such as anger, ps ychosis and aggression that were apparent before the shootings and predisposed them to violence.† He continued to say, â€Å"these factors make it more difficult to accept the playing of violent video games as an independent risk factor.† (Harvard). Violent video games can sometimes give an aggression outlet in the virtual world as opposed to real life. Exposure to violence is not limited to video games. Movies, television and the news are all increasing in violent content. It’s almost impossible to turnShow MoreRelatedViolence In Video Games and Aggression Essay1924 Words   |  8 Pagesincrease in an individual’s aggressive behavior. The violence of today’s video games are far more visually gruesome then they were ten years ago. An example is the modern popular game Goldeneye 007, whose bad guys no longer disappear in a cloud of smoke when killed. Instead they perform an elaborate maneuver when killed. For example, those shot in the neck fall to their knees and then their face while clutching at their throats. These graphic games can increase an individual’s aggressiveness by portrayingRead MoreVideo Games Promote Violence And Sexual Aggression2166 Words   |  9 PagesOver the past few decades, video games have rapidly evolved from simple games like Pac-Man and Tetris to complex interactive media platforms popular with people of all ages. As video games skyrocketed in popularity, so have public attention and research studies alongside them. The controversial issue of video games promoting violence or sexual aggression is currently still being hotly debated by educated people from both sides of the argument. However, there is compelling evidence which proves thatRead MoreViolent Video Games Do Not Cause Violence And Aggression1527 Words   |  7 PagesViolent Video Games Over the past few years, the United States has seen violence that has come from the inside of the country. Various high schools, have had shootings inside of them from some of the high school students that go to that specific school. Some experts blame the shootings by categorizing the students as someone who has been tormented and bullied basically most of life, while other experts believe the shootings were caused by the violence in video games. There has been a lot of nation-wideRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Promote Teen Aggression and Violence? 670 Words   |  3 Pagesteenagers playing video games and how it affects the youth mentally. Heavy consumption of violence video games does indeed stimulate a change reaction in the brain waves, but there is no hard evidence stating that those changes causes teenagers to act aggressively and violently. On the contrary, it is a popular beliefs that violence video games does indeed causes teenagers to displayed unpleasant behaviors and actions because that is what they learned and observed from the games. Therefore, parentsRead More The Effects Of Video Game Violence On Human Aggression Essay example1860 Words   |  8 Pagesstudies, participants playing violent video games have consistently shown increases in their aggressive behavior, both during and after the gameplay. A study that linked violent video games to child aggression found that in every group they tested, â€Å"Children who were exposed to more video game violence did become more aggressive over time than their peers who had less exposure† (Harding 1). An increase in aggressive behavior after playing violent video games is quite common in most cases, althoughRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Affect Real World Aggression And Violence?1727 Words   |  7 PagesDo violent video games influence real world aggression and violence, among other harmful behaviors, within children and young teens? Yes, they do, without a doubt. Children and teens that extensively play violent games tend to be less stressed, but are also more prone to stealing, over-eating, and acting out in minor rages when playing violent video games for long extensions of time. Though most of the side effects do not damage a young child or teen physically, the effects can result in social problemsRead MoreVideo Game Violence And Its Effects On Gamers1205 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Game Violence and its effects on Gamers In recent years there has been a significant increase of shooting incidents, specifically in America. When there is a shooting event the media is quick to question if the suspect had a history of playing violent video games. There is already the initial connection between video game violence and aggression; but is this connection scientifically correct? This topic interests me because of the increase in school shootings and violence. I have personallyRead MoreThe Number Of School Shootings1613 Words   |  7 Pagescorrelation between the increased numbers in young adolescents playing video games containing violence, and the increased numbers of teenage school shootings. Brad Bushman believes there is a correlation between â€Å"video game violence and violence† (2013, p. 376) To explore the correlation, one must first understand the definition of aggression. Eden and Eshet-Alkalai use Anderson and Bushman’s (2003) definition: â€Å"who define aggression as a behavi or that is directed toward another person (either virtuallyRead MoreDo Violent Video Games Cause Violence in Childen1049 Words   |  5 PagesDo Violent Video Games Influence Youth Violence Noel Averruz EN1420 ITT-Technical Institute Ever Since Violent Video Games were invented People have been trying to prove that they influence Violence in Juveniles. Although many prospective studies have been done on video game violence and the affect they have on the youth, none have been able to completely validate the claim that violent video games do influence the youth to become violent in their everyday lives. Out of the many studies thatRead MoreDo Video Games Inspire Violent Behavior?1713 Words   |  7 Pageseffects of violent video games and the development of today’s youth. Many people believe that the violence in video games promotes aggression. According to Doctor Brad Bushman’s article, Do Violent Video Games Increase Aggression? he claims that violent video games leads to aggression because it is interactive process that teaches and rewards violent behavior. Yet others believe that this not the case. Gregg Toppo of the Scientific American, writes in his article, â€Å"Do Video Games Inspire Violent Behavior

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, A Moral Law - 1440 Words

Plato once said, â€Å"Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and charm and gaiety to life and to everything.† Like his words elucidate, music, for many centuries, was a way of expressing things that could not be put into words. It displayed raw emotion in some cases and gave life to ideas and notions in other cases. Throughout history, various figures and composers contributed to music worldwide. However, there is one that stands out the most. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, a child prodigy and composer at the age of six, who played and composed so effortlessly, would change music styles and influence many great composers that would come years afterwards. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, in full Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, was born on January 27, 1756 in Salzburg, Austria. He was the son of Leopold and Maria Pertle Mozart and younger brother to Maria Anna, also known as Nannerl. His mother was born to a middle-class family and his father was a successful composer, violinist, and assistant concertmaster in the court of the Archbishop of Salzburg. Leopold introduced Mozart and Nannerl to music at an early age and tutored them both. At the age of three, as the young Mozart watched and mimicked Nannerl’s lessons from their father, he began to show a deep understanding of chords, tonality, and tempo. With lessons like his sister, he mastered his father’s techniques so quickly that at the age of four, he could learn a pieceShow MoreRelatedEssay about London: A Cultural City1248 Words   |  5 Pagesopened a waxworks in Fleet Street, before Madame Tussaud arrived from France. The capital had a vivacious musical life, arranged by composers and impresarios like George Frideric Handel, John James Heidegger, and Johann Peter Salomon. Even Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart performed in the city. The culture of the city became the partner of its commerce. Crown and Parliament did very little, by contrast, to promote Londons public culture and intellect, and the case of painting is one instance. Public commercialRead MoreThe Eighteenth Century : Age Of Enlightenment2647 Words   |  11 PagesLiterature: The Development of Music: -Was music not a predominate part of the Baroque period before composers like Bach and Handel? -How did the different works travel to different countries? Was it also by trade and travel? -Why did Mozart die a poor man even though he was so successful? Development of the Novel: -Were a lot of novels still involved with political aspects? Writing of History: The High Culture of the Eighteenth Century: -Was the content in

If I Could Live Here! Free Essays

If I could live in one place out of the country I probably would have to say I would live somewhere in Italy, either in Rome, Venice, or Tuscany. I have always admired Italy because of its beautiful scenery and the magnificent architecture. If I were to live in Italy I would not live in the big city even though it is full of wonderful adventures around every corner and the buildings are magnificent I would probably end up living somewhere out in the country side because of the scenery that is there. We will write a custom essay sample on If I Could Live Here! or any similar topic only for you Order Now All of the antique houses and the magnificent vineyards are just simply breathtaking. If I were to live in Rome, Italy I probably would live in the city because that is where all of their architecture is like the Colosseum, or the Trevi fountain, or Saint Peters Basilica. I would love just waking up in the morning and looking out of my window and seeing these magnificent buildings and being able to enjoy the nightlife. If I were to live in Venice I would probably also live in the city but I would live along the canal because I love the way it looks during the day and night when you are along the canal and the soothing sound of the water. I would also like to live in Venice because of the boat rides that you can take around because I think that would be a fun way to get around anyplace that you go. And if I lived in Tuscany I would defiantly live in the country because the scenery there is simply breathtaking and I would own a small little vineyard and live in a cute little antique house. I love the idea of living in the country because it just looks amazing in the morning at the break of dawn and at sunset. So as you can probably already tell Italy would be my ideal place to live because I just love it. Because not only is it remote and you can stay out of the busyness of the city and go live in the country if that is what you like. But if you like living in the city and seeing all of the architecture. And that’s what I like about Italy is its versatility. How to cite If I Could Live Here!, Papers

Governance is Policing for Review of Police- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theGovernance is Policing for Review of Police Oversight. Answer: Article Review: Review Of Police Oversight- A Critique The author was commissioned to evaluate police oversight in New South Wales through Letters Patent in 2015. He submits that such an evaluation would be particularly difficult to undertake due to the fact the police are expected to take carefully measured steps that consider all possible consequences however in practicality in an urgent situation the police neither have the time nor the opportunity to consider protocol due to the risk of failure of apprehension or worse. This poses a conflicting situation where officers are expected to adhere to protocol yet are also expected to think on their feet and respond to a situation as quickly as possible. Thus, when reviewing the actions of the police there needs to be a balance between both these ideas. In New South Wales police oversight is undertaken by two different bodies the Police Integrity System (PIC) and the Police Division of the Ombudsmans Office (PDOO). The author has also considered the Wood Royal Commissions first interim repo rt which was published in 1996 which dealt with the New South Wales Police Service (Justice.nsw.gov.au 2018). The author then goes on to make recommendations based on these considerations. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the recommendation of forming a singular oversight body and the recommendation relating to recognition of the NSW Police as the only body that is competent to investigate critical incidents. The following paragraphs will evaluate these two recommendations and analyze their effectiveness based on the present scenario. The outline of this paper, now that the background of the scenario is established, will delve into the implications of these recommendations in seriatim. The first recommendation that will be looked at is the most important recommendation as it forms the crux of the report by the author. The author recommends that the present regulatory bodies the Police Integrity System (PIC) and Police Division of the Ombudsmans Office (PDOO) be integrated into one regulatory authority for police oversight. In doing so it does not however consider integration of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) into this newly formed body. This is mainly conceptualized from police oversight systems outside New South Wales. The Australian single regulatory body systems considered by the author were based in Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia and Queensland. These systems are described and analyzed below. In Victoria police oversight is regulated by the Independent Broad-based Anti-corruption Commission (IBAC) which was established in 2010 (Den Heyer and Beckley 2013). The IBAC is a civilian police oversight body. The author however, states that if an anti-corruption regulatory body such as the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) did exist in Victoria such a broad-based police oversight model would not be required. However, since NSW already has such a body in place, it would not be appropriate to implement such an oversight model in NSW. In South Australia three existing bodies regulate police oversight, Office of the Police Ombudsman, the Independent Commissioner Against Corruption and the Office for Public Integrity (Newburn 2015). Two of these, namely, the Independent Commissioner Against Corruption and Office for Public Integrity are established as two wings of the same body. This bodys primary role is to receive and adjudicate complaints of corruption and various ot her police integrity related claims (Porter 2013). There have been recent recommendations for consolidation of overlapping powers and thus evidently requires amendment. Thus, as stated by the author this would not be appropriate model for NSW either. In Western Australian and Queensland the system followed is a broad-based anti corruption approach. Both these jurisdictions embody special organized crime investigation functions within these anti corruption bodies similar to the system in NSW (Findlay, Odgers and Yeo 2015). The author deems this unstable and recommends that this model would not be appropriate for NSW. The commonwealths oversight system is almost identical to the one in NSW and hence the author does not interpret this as a credible system for police oversight either. The above analysis shows that various jurisdictions have implemented single oversight bodies but would be pretty ineffective in light of the prevailing conditions in NSW. This is mainly due to the need for a clear bifurcation of the powers and functions. Accountability is also an issue when all powers and functions are carried out by a single body ad it may give rise to arbitrary and discretionary use of powers (Cordner 2016). Furthermore, it is clearly visible that overlapping and improperly defined powers leads to gaps in the overall oversight carried out by the body. These reasons mandate the existence of multiple bodies each of which can be held accountable of separate well defined functions. The second recommendation evaluated here is the 42nd recommendation made by the author. This recommendation provides for the recognition of the NSW Police Force as the only agency competent to carry out investigations in case of critical incidents. Critical incidents are not defined in NSW laws however the definition has developed over the years through NSW Police Force Professional Standards and stands for incidents that involve law enforcement professionals and the death or serious injury to a person (Prenzler, Porter and Alpert 2013). This recommendation however can be deemed to be flawed from its inception. It ignores the occurrence of the commonwealths jurisdiction and the compliance issues it would create at a federal level. The federal jurisdictional issue aside this would also provide the NSW Police force with an opportunity for arbitrary use of their powers. This mainly follows the logic that if NSW Police is taken as the only competent authority to investigate a critical incident it would also have to be under the oversight of the newly formed commission (Palmer and Warren 2013). However, the singular body that would already be overburdened with various responsibilities would not be able to adequately deal with critical incidents. This is mainly due to the wide variety of functions which it must undertake. This would also be counter-productive to the entire concept of oversight over the NSW Police Force. To conclude, the Tink Report considers all vital considerations to be taken into account to create and employ a functional singular body for police oversight. However, there are gaps in the recommendations that create conflicting situations that could eventually lead to unregulated scenarios when practically implemented. Thus when employing such a reform all mechanisms amended must be well defined and must cover all possible hindrances that may come up. The key would be to identify if a singular body could ideally oversee all police activities without arbitrarily using its powers. Reference list: Cordner, G.W., 2016.Police administration. Routledge. Den Heyer, G. and Beckley, A., 2013. Police independent oversight in Australia and New Zealand.Police Practice and Research,14(2), pp.130-143. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Alan_Beckley/publication/283796290_Police_Independent_Oversight_in_Australia_and_New_Zealand/links/57aba88608ae42ba52af0ce0/Police-Independent-Oversight-in-Australia-and-New-Zealand.pdf Findlay, M., Odgers, S. and Yeo, S.M.H., 2015.Australian criminal justice. Oxford University Press. Justice.nsw.gov.au. (2018). [online] Available at: https://www.justice.nsw.gov.au/justicepolicy/Documents/review-police-oversight/review-police-oversight-final-report.pdf#page34 [Accessed 5 Apr. 2018]. Newburn, T., 2015. Literature review: police integrity and corruption. https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/68126/1/Newburn_literature-review%201.pdf Palmer, D. and Warren, I., 2013. Zonal banning and public order in urban Australia.Policing cities: Urban securitisation and regulation in a 21st century world, pp.79-96. https://dro.deakin.edu.au/eserv/DU:30055504/warren-zonalbanning-2013.pdf Porter, L.E., 2013. Beyond oversight: a problem-oriented approach to police reform.Police Practice and Research,14(2), pp.169-181.https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/bitstream/handle/10072/55815/88114_1.pdf%3Bsequence=1 Prenzler, T., Porter, L. and Alpert, G.P., 2013. Reducing police use of force: Case studies and prospects.Aggression and Violent Behavior,18(2), pp.343-356. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Geoffrey_Alpert2/publication/257525619_Reducing_police_use_of_force_Case_studies_and_prospects/links/5a254f394585155dd41ef6f8/Reducing-police-use-of-force-Case-studies-and-prospects.pdf

Social Networks in Business Specific to Cafe- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSocial Networks in Business Specific to Cafe. Answer: Evaluating the effectiveness and usefulness of the learning experience An effective assessment always assesses the student's quality and learning. In this assessment, there were two different parts, in the first part, it was related to the literature review and in the second part and it was associated with the research proposal. I chose my topic as advantages and disadvantages of social networks in business specific caf. This assessment is designed in a great way, as per my opinion, the learning is superb as in the beforehand; we got to know the advantages and disadvantages of social networks in business specific contexts. After that, we were told to make a proposal on this topic. In literature review section, we got to understand the concepts of scholars and what they stated on social networking issues in business. In this assessment, I read many blogs, journals, articles and books on the topic of social networking in business contexts; moreover, I discussed many subjects with my fellow students. There were lots of questions that haunted me during making research proposal as I did not know how to collect primary data. As stated by Knott and Scragg (2015), the learning experience is proportional to time to spend on learning. I invested my time on this assessment and I learnt so many vanities of aspects about social networking. Explaining how this learning process will be useful This business research programme will be useful to me in order to get knowledge on research on the specific subject and it will judge my capability to get knowledge in doing research. Moreover, this program engaged me in the exploration of the entire business project, organising the business plan and carrying out research project perfectly. In a previous time, I did not have enough knowledge with details in defining the suitable business project and in methodology. However, now, I am capable of making a plan for business research, understanding of professional ethics and recognising issues in the business process. After doing this assessment, I will be able to develop career-related capabilities and it will help me to develop managerial proficiencies. I have gained knowledge in business numeracy and literacy with working in the new economy. It will further help me in leadership skills and in business and develop my knowledge in entrepreneurship. In literature review section, I have gathered knowledge about social networks applying in business and in a future life, I can apply this knowledge in future in my life when it requires. Business research has influenced in gaining knowledge mainly business methodology and ethics in business research (Husebo et al. 2015). Doing literature review on this topic filled me with knowledge of scholarly papers and I understood that there are various perspectives in social networking. While doing research proposal, I got to know how to collect data for research. The learning outcomes are clear and learning experiences both virtual and face-to-face with tutors have been an asset to me. Social networking subject is common in todays life, however, from operational and business standpoint, my learning will provide value in future. Describing objectively what happened in the learning process Doing literature review and finding the research gap to make a research question was not easy. I had done two meetings with my classmates and it was extremely helpful for me to understand the topic. I had a face-to-face conversation with my tutor to gain knowledge about the literature review to select my topic. I read various journals searching in Google Scholars and I found out five interesting journals that are recently published and related to my topic. I read various blogs on the subject and it was helpful for me. Most importantly, I read various books on business research apart from my course materials. I read Introduction to Business, Masters of Management and Researching Business and Marketing. These books helped me to gather knowledge on business research and understanding social responsibility with ethics. Evaluating learning experience Business research is the way of collecting necessary information of the business and also of the industry (Arends, 2014). In this regard, this assessment provides me knowledge in the contemporary topic of the subject like a social network. Business Research was useful in order to gain knowledge about business objectives and data collection procedures. Learning and cognition process of individuals are different (Wei et al. 2015). In my case, conducting research on business helped to gain knowledge on the content area of learning with professional development and assessment. In my case, my learning style is behaviourism as I believed in observable behaviours. I mostly learn from observation and my psychology is experimental. I learned things from books and journals about the research, however, I tried to observe and measure those learning. Explaining learning process In case of assignment 1, it dealt with mainly literature review and I gained knowledge about social network on a subjective basis. I have learned about social networking channels with their benefits and disadvantages. In this regard, my knowledge boosted up with cafe related social networking factors. Literature review section provided me with the knowledge of popularity scale of each of the social networking platforms and it provided dominance in traditional marketing. Social media provides large audiences to the organisations and it is free to create. Social media encourages sharing and it increases brand loyalty (Drahoov and Balco, 2017). I felt great to know about the approach of the business in making social media platforms and benefits of social media. In the 2nd assignment, I learned to make research questions and it was for the first time, I got an idea about secondary research questions through a variable of the research topic. It was exciting for me to judge the methodology of the research and data collection process. Data collection process, I chose primary data collection through survey and interviews. My learning process got enriched as I was going through making the methodology and Gantt chart of the research timeline. Explain Plan how this learning will be applied In my future, I plan my future life as a team leader of an organisation and through the process of learning; I have a plan to be a senior manager with a team of skilled people. Manager's duty is to grow the organisation in line with business goals and objectives. I can apply my thought what I have learned through this assignment. Business research methods help to obtain data from the industry and consumers with many external and internal factors of the business (Kramer et al. 2014). Moreover, I will be able to apply my knowledge on social networking and I will also be able to make social media marketing plan for a small business that can help an organisation to have market share and profitability. Reference List Arends, R., 2014.Learning to teach. New Jersey: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Drahoov, M. and Balco, P. 2017. The analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the use of social media in the European Union.Procedia Computer Science, 109, pp.1005-1009. Huseb, S.E., O'Regan, S. and Nestel, D., 2015. Reflective practice and its role in simulation.Clinical Simulation in Nursing,11(8), pp.368-375. Knott, C. and Scragg, T. eds., 2016.Reflective practice in social work. London: Learning Matters. Kolb, D.A., 2014.Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. London: FT press. Kramer, A.D., Guillory, J.E. and Hancock, J.T., 2014. Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(24), pp.888-890. Wei, Q., Liu, D. and Yang, X., 2015. Infinite horizon self-learning optimal control of nonaffine discrete-time nonlinear systems.IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems,26(4), pp.866-879.