Free Essays on Romoe And Juliet

Romeo and Juliet This play starts with a lovely sonnet, an unusual beginning given that sonnets were meant to be from a lover to his beloved. The sonnet is also a very structured form of prose, lending itself to order. Shakespeare cleverly contrasts this orderly sonnet with the immediate disorder of the first scene. The sonnet degenerates into a bunch of quarreling servants who soon provoke a fight between the houses of Montegue and Capulet. Romeo compares Juliet to, "a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear" (1.5.43) when he first sees her. This play on the comparison of dark and light shows up frequently in subsequent scenes. It is a central part of their love that important love scenes take place in the dark, away from the disorder of the day. Thus Romeo loves Juliet at night, but kills Tybalt during the day. It especially shows up in the first act in the way Romeo shuts out the daylight while he is pining for Rosaline. In the fifth scene the lover's share a sonnet which uses imagery of saints and pilgrims. This relates to the fact that Romeo means Pilgrim in Italian. It is also a sacriligeous sonnet, for Juliet becomes a saint to be kissed and Romeo a holy traveler. The foreshadowing so common in all of Shakespeare's plays comes from Juliet near the end of the first act. She states, "If he be married, / My grave is like to be my wedding bed." (1.5.132). This will be related over and over again, from her Nurse and later even from Lady Capulet. One of the remarkable aspects of the play is the transformation of both Romeo and Juliet after they fall in love. Juliet first comes across as a young, innocent girl who obeys her parents commands. However, by the last scene she is devious and highly focused. Thus, she asks her nurse about three separate men at the party, saving Romeo for last so as not to arouse suspicion. Romeo will undergo a similar transformation in the second act, resulting in Mercutio commenting that he has become so... Free Essays on Romoe And Juliet Free Essays on Romoe And Juliet Romeo and Juliet This play starts with a lovely sonnet, an unusual beginning given that sonnets were meant to be from a lover to his beloved. The sonnet is also a very structured form of prose, lending itself to order. Shakespeare cleverly contrasts this orderly sonnet with the immediate disorder of the first scene. The sonnet degenerates into a bunch of quarreling servants who soon provoke a fight between the houses of Montegue and Capulet. Romeo compares Juliet to, "a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear" (1.5.43) when he first sees her. This play on the comparison of dark and light shows up frequently in subsequent scenes. It is a central part of their love that important love scenes take place in the dark, away from the disorder of the day. Thus Romeo loves Juliet at night, but kills Tybalt during the day. It especially shows up in the first act in the way Romeo shuts out the daylight while he is pining for Rosaline. In the fifth scene the lover's share a sonnet which uses imagery of saints and pilgrims. This relates to the fact that Romeo means Pilgrim in Italian. It is also a sacriligeous sonnet, for Juliet becomes a saint to be kissed and Romeo a holy traveler. The foreshadowing so common in all of Shakespeare's plays comes from Juliet near the end of the first act. She states, "If he be married, / My grave is like to be my wedding bed." (1.5.132). This will be related over and over again, from her Nurse and later even from Lady Capulet. One of the remarkable aspects of the play is the transformation of both Romeo and Juliet after they fall in love. Juliet first comes across as a young, innocent girl who obeys her parents commands. However, by the last scene she is devious and highly focused. Thus, she asks her nurse about three separate men at the party, saving Romeo for last so as not to arouse suspicion. Romeo will undergo a similar transformation in the second act, resulting in Mercutio commenting that he has become so...

Repudiate, Refute, and Reject

Repudiate, Refute, and Reject Repudiate, Refute, and Reject Repudiate, Refute, and Reject By Maeve Maddox How can I resist jumping into the fray over Sarah Palins use of the word refudiate? Heres the notorious tweet as it originally appeared: Ground Zero Mosque supporters, doesn’t it stab you in the heart as it does our throughout the heartland? Peaceful Muslims, please refudiate.† Here is the tweet with which it was replaced: Peaceful New Yorkers, pls refute the Ground Zero mosque plan if you believe catastrophic pain caused @ Twin Towers site is too raw, too real. I was amazed and delighted that a mere word could cause such a stir. Within minutes, it seems, we were informed that the word had been used once before, in 1984, by science-fiction writer John Sladke. Looking up Sladke, of whom Id never heard, I learned that he wrote satire. That could explain his use of refudiate. The word is a portmanteau that seems to combine refute with repudiate. The corrected tweet uses refute where reject would be more appropriate. Refudiate is an amusing word and one which, like misunderestimate is going to be used a lot in jest. It does not, however, seem to bring any new meaning or connotation to the language. repudiate: To cast off, disown (a person or thing previously claimed as ones own or associated with oneself). Repudiate is a transitive verb. You repudiate something or someone you no longer wish to be associated with. You can repudiate a debt, a wife, or a belief. †¦this paper argues that it may well be in poor people’s interests for their governments to repudiate debt.   Its time to repudiate this doctrine and satisfy U.S. energy needs without reliance on military intervention. Will NAACP repudiate their own racist comments about Kenneth Gladney, caught on tape? J.C. Watts says Christians should repudiate extremist groups refute: To prove (something) to be false, esp. by means of argument or debate. Refute is also a transitive verb. You refute an argument or a doctrine or a claim by offering evidence to disprove it. Does Neuroscience Refute Free Will? Trademark Owners Often Can Refute the First-Sale Doctrine The major evidence that refutes Mr. Stinnett’s claim †¦ comes from archival documents that were declassified in 1999†¦ Vice provost Dr Patrick Prendergast told the news provider the plans [to include non-traditional students] refuted the perception among some of TCD as an elite institution. Gerdemann hopes to refute the continually underlined idea that no one can contest the Tour de France without doping†¦ reject: To refuse to recognize, acquiesce in, submit to, adopt, or allow†¦; to refuse to believe (a statement, etc.), to discard from consideration. NZ Government must reject whaling plan Belmonte, Lakas reject plan to slash pork barrel Scotland must reject dependency culture Germany Will Probably Reject Opel Aid Request, Lawmaker Says By all means, have fun with refudiate. Just dont use it in your serious writing when what you mean is repudiate, refute, or reject. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101Loan, Lend, Loaned, LentEnglish Grammar 101: Prepositions

Islam and democracy are not compatible comment on this sentence Essay

Islam and democracy are not compatible comment on this sentence - Essay Example The nature of Islam as a religion accounts for the reason why democracy is a distant vision in the vast Muslim world. Muslim scholars and political philosophers have conducted numerous empirical studies meant to establish the relationship between Islam and democracy. Most of these empirical studies are motivated by the fact that there has been a profound resistance of democracy by Muslims; thus indicating that Islam and democracy are not compatible. As an illustration of the aforementioned incompatibility, we will discuss interaction of religion and democracy in modern Islamic states like Saudi Arabia, Malaysia and Indonesia. Admittedly, Saudi Arabia has been an absolute monarchy state since time immemorial. Citizens of Saudi Arabia have never participated in any political election (58-59).1 The only reason for this absence of participation is attributed to the fact that the absolute monarchy system in Saudi Arabia does not permit formation of political parties. The king, who is the leader of the royal family, literally rules the nation. However, the king must comply with Islamic law, commonly referred to as the Sharia. This means all functions and decisions of the royal leadership are made in accordance with provisions of Sharia. Influence of Islam remains fully practical particularly because the royal leadership performs all the executive, judicial and legislative functions.2 Presently, Saudi Arabia is an example of modern st ates where Islam remains fully influential in social, economic and political platforms. Unlike Saudi Arabia, Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy state. Citizens participate in election of parliamentary representatives. However, the king of Malaysia is appointed by a royal council of hereditary rulers. Citizens have limited participation in high-level politics. Recently, political parties like the

Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Criminal Law - Essay Example rights of an owner amounts to an appropriation, and this includes, where he has come by the property (innocently or not) without stealing it, any later assumption of a right to it by keeping or dealing with it as owner† shall be deemed as a violation of the law. The actus rios1 of this offense is complete when Edwin assumed the right of the owner or dealt with the property as if he is the owner thereof. On the other hand, the criminality of the act of Edwin can be determined by his motivation or the mens ria2. In this case, the motivation of Edwin is dishonesty. Note that in this case, Edwin wanted to enter into the casino but could not do so because he is still a minor. Since the owner of the identification card is already 21 years and is therefore eligible to enter inside the casino, he assumed the identity of the owner of the card. Furthermore, in he is also violating section 6(1) of the Fraud Act 2006 when he decided to use the identification card for the purpose of committing a fraudulent act. According to Section 6(1) of the Fraud Act 2006 is that â€Å"a person is guilty of an offence if he has in his possession or under his control any article for use in the course of or in connection with any fraud.† Note that according to t his provision, the mere possession of a thing that is used for fraud which is in this case, an identification card of a student from Twospires University. Note that in R v Goodwin [1996]3, the defendant was found guilty of going equipped for theft when he carried Kenya shilling coins to play at an amusement park. The defendant here used the coins to gain access to the gaming machines. In the case of R v Landy (1981)4, the Court noted that when the deciding a case of theft involving deception or dishonesty, the â€Å"jury should be directed to look into the mind of the defendant† to determine whether the defendant is indeed guilty for dishonesty. According to the case of R v Greenstein (1975)5, in judging the state of the mind of the

Stress Essay Introduction Essay Example for Free

Stress Essay Introduction Essay People experience stress in private life and at work place. People have to work effectively against time and within the parameter of various rules and regulations. It is not always possible to create an organizational climate conducive to work. Various departments, groups and external environment factors affect individual behaviour. Minimal level of stress is required for organizations to operate effectively. Excessive stress is harmful for the individual as it causes mental and physical disequilibrium and subsequently leads to physical and mental disturbance. People suffer from high blood pressure, heart attack when stress is beyond control of the human beings. It is therefore necessary to identify causes of stress and modify behaviour so that the individual energy is directed towards organizational productivity and healthy organization climate is created. Sports have been a part of my life for as long as I can remember, and I know from countless experiences how stress and anxiety can affect ones performance. Anyone involved in sports in anyway will understand the feelings that rush through you when you are in a high risk, and high pressure situations. Those final moments of a close game, or even the night before your big match or competition, are great examples of situations that would create the sudden rush of these feelings; and therefore, triggering a spike in anxiety. Whether you are in the stands, on the bench, playing or coaching, you get that â€Å"butterfly† feeling in your stomach. The difference between success and failure is how you deal with high pressure situations. If you let nervousness and anxiety overcome you, it could cost you and your team the match or that podium spot you worked so hard for. The question is, how do you control it, and how important is it that you control it?

Case Study for AcuScan, Inc :: Business Management Essays

Case Study for AcuScan, Inc I am the newly hired Vice President of Organizational Development. My responsibilities include creating the Organizational Development Department. I look forward to working with all of you especially with finding a new and improved product based on our already developed retinal scanning system iScanner. First of all I am going to discuss assumptions made by Kelly Thomas, Pat Lambert, Cliff O’Connor and Chris Martinas. After each employee assumptions will be their arguments and my evaluation of whether the argument is sound or unsound and why. Kelly Thomas – Senior Engineer, Product Development 1. Assumed that Pat, Director of Marketing knew nothing about QC (quality control). 2. Assumed that all the features for the retinal scanner could not be developed in the time frame allotted. 3. Assumed that due to lay-offs last year they would not have the staff to develop a new product. 4. Assumed the customer would be â€Å"short changed† because the company may not be able to comply with the customers expectations. 5. Assumed Pat did not have any technology experience because his past experience was with the cereal business. 6. Assumed Pat was going behind his back because Pat spoke to the programmers first without consulting with Kelly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kelly argued that new product was much more complicated to produce than Pat had implied. He also argued that Pat had no understanding as to how the iScanner worked and would have a better understanding if Pat took the time to involve him in other areas of the business not just marketing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kelly’s argument was logical and sound because he based his decision on the time it took the staff to develop the iScanner. Past history of creating a new product can give you an idea of how long it would take to produce a new product. He also did not want to jeopardize his reputation or the company’s by producing and inadequate product. Pat Lambert – Director of Marketing 1. Assumed the new product would be a simple addition to the new product. 2. Assumed programmers had plenty of time to work on new product even though he knew staff was cut last year. 3. Assumed because they were not agreeing with him they were not committed to the new product. 4. Assumed that the job could be done by outside contractors in the specified time frame. Also with money being a problem. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assumed a meeting would resolve all problems. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assumed the customer would be happy with whatever product was developed and launched.

Hollywood and Marketing: Understanding the Appeal of Jaws Essay

The success of Jaws may mainly be attributed to the interconnected presence of various genres and themes throughout the film, hence significantly increasing the range of its prospective audience. For one, aside from being basically a thriller, the presence of an enormous shark as a dangerous entity would of course highlight themes on nature similar to documentaries. Furthermore, there is the crime genre, encompassing the theme of conspiracy, is partly embodied by the film as well; to explain, the Mayor who governs over the beach disregards every warning about the safety of the people in a straightforward manner, mainly pointing out economic reasons in defense of such a stance. Action is also present and evident throughout the film, especially during its final scenes. While still incomparable to films which are actually categorized under the action genre in terms of fights and explosions, it could definitely be argued that the final scene wherein the three main protagonists battle the shark which ends with the shark’s demise initiates a similar adrenaline rush for the viewers. In relation to such points, it is also important to emphasize the fact that the film is actually Hollywood’s adaptation of a highly successful book of the same name. Achieving a considerable appeal to the mainstream audience as well as to different types of viewers ensures success in terms of marketability (Wyatt 22). Jaws has such appeal, as the presence of the abovementioned themes and genres prove. For one, those interested with nature would be enthralled by the thought of watching a film focused on a great white shark. Also, self-proclaimed critics on the realism of such films would watch the movie to give their comments. On a more specific note, mature audiences would in turn be attracted to the film as it would satisfy their need for identifying deeper aspects and meanings such as corruption. Younger moviegoers would instead appreciate the thrilling and action packed sequences in the movie. Indeed, as old wizards may be shown in a manner resembling classical comic book heroes to achieve a better appeal to such viewers (Thompson 51), the three main protagonists of Jaws have similarly been presented due to their antics in the last few scenes of the film. Those who have read the book, possibly being a considerably large crowd, would predictably watch the movie as well. Without a doubt, Jaws achieved a universal appeal among moviegoers which ensured its marketability and success. Works Cited Spielberg, Steven, dir. Jaws. Zanuck/Brown Productions, 1975. Film. Wyatt, Justin. High Concept: Movies and Marketing in Hollywood. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1994. Print. Thompson, Kristin. â€Å"Fantasy, Franchises, and Frodo Baggins: The Lord of the Rings and Modern Hollywood. † Velvet Light Trap: A Critical Journal of Film and Television 52 (2003): 45 – 63. Print.

Bullying: How Can It Be Prevented?

Bullying is a term used to describe a form of harassment perpetrated by someone who is in some way more powerful, physically or socially than his peers or the people in the immediate environment. While there are those who say that bullying is something that children will soon outgrow , there is no denying the fact that bullying has become prevalent in most schools all over America today.Given this alarmingly high rate of bullying, the relevance of coming up with methods by which to deal with this social problem becomes more and more apparent. However, to be able to formulate a process by which bullying can effectively be prevented it necessary to first examine bullying, its elements, types and causes. Only through an understanding of bullying can parents, teachers and schools properly come up with the necessary steps to reduce or totally remove the presence of bullying.BULLYING Main Elements of Bullying The bullying has been identified by researchers as possessing the following chara cteristics or elements: aggressive and negative behavior, repeatedly carrying out of the behavior, existent in a relationship with a great imbalance of power and the behavior as being â€Å"purposeful† (Hazler 1997). When these characteristics exhibit themselves in any relationship that a person has with another person, it is highly likely that there is bullying.The aggressive and negative behavior can often be manifested in other factors outside of the relationship between the bully and the victim such as in the classroom or in the manner that the bully interacts with people in authority as compared to the interaction among his (bully) peers. Bullying is not a single and isolated occurrence. A single case of abuse or aggression, be it physical or mental, is often not a case of bullying as it may just be the result of â€Å"flaring tempers† or â€Å"minor disagreements† among school children (Hazler 1997). Bullying involves constant aggression over a period of t ime.In relationships where there is a great imbalance in power between the parties, bullying is most likely to occur. The more powerful and aggressive person has been found to exercise a certain influence over the weaker party and to dominate the other party. Bullying is not just a series of random acts of aggression. According to a study, â€Å"the acts perpetrated by a bully are not just random acts of aggression but a series of well designed acts aimed at effectively exercising domination of the victim and being able to extract a certain reaction that the bully is looking (Batsche 1994).When all of these elements are present in a relationship, bullying is most likely to be occurring or to occur. While these elements are not conclusive in proving or showing the existence of bullying, the existence of these elements has been shown to determine to a certain extent the presence of bullying. Types of Bullying Bullying can basically be segregated into two distinct categories, direct b ullying and indirect bullying or social aggression. Direct bullying involves direct physical aggression by the bully over the victim.This type of bullying is most common among males and is exercised by those who are physically bigger than their peers. Indirect bullying is most common among females and younger children. This is done by â€Å"forcing the victim into social isolation through methods such as constant criticism of the victim, refusal to associate with the victim or by making the victim feel left out of any social activity (Batsche 1994). † Bullying may manifest itself in different ways depending on the direct environment and the parties involved.â€Å"Bullying,† according to a recent study, â€Å"is the assertion of power through aggression. Its forms change with age: school playground bullying, sexual harassment. Gang attacks, date violence, assault, marital violence, child abuse, workplace harassment and elder abuse. (Pepler and Craig 1997)†. Reaso ns for Bullying While bullying is caused mostly by reasons personal to the bully, researches have pinpointed certain factors as key to understanding why bullying exists in the first place.Researchers have indicated that people who bully have personalities that are authoritarian, combined with a strong need to control (Kim 2006). The same study indicates that a deficit in social skills and a prejudicial view of subordinates can be particular risk factors. Other factors have been determined to be the following: quickness to anger and use of force, addiction to aggressive behaviors, mistaking others' actions as hostile, concern with preserving self image, and engaging in obsessive or rigid actions. (Kim 2006)TAKING A STAND AGAINST BULLYING Role of Parents, Teachers and Schools Parents, Teachers and Schools should take an active role in remedying the problem of bullying. Bullying is a behavior which often occurs during ones childhood and in certain cases continues in the immediate envir onment of these bullies upon reaching adulthood. One of the keys to solving this problem therefore lies in being able to deal with the problem in its â€Å"infancy† stage (Harris 2006). The following are steps that can be taken to deal with this situation.Identifying the Problem The first step that can be done to properly address the problem of bullying is to be able to properly identify the presence of bullying. Most students or children who are victims of bullying are afraid to report to the proper authorities for fear of being bullied even more if they are found out. The victims are also hesitant to alert the proper authorities because they do not feel that the authorities can do anything to prevent such bullying from happening.For these reason, it is important to be able to determine the existence of bullying based on other factors and manifestations. Some of these signs that a child is being bullied are the following: lowered self-esteem, unexplained broken personal poss essions, loss of money, loss of personal items, unexplained bruises & injuries or stories that don't add up, missing or incomplete school work, decreased success in class, acting out aggression at home, and lack of interest at social events that include other students.At the first signs of these manifestations, steps should be taken to determine if there really is bullying going on and this can be best done by communicating to victim in a proper manner that something can be done about the situation if it is reported quickly. Encouraging Victims to Report the Bullying The second most important step in dealing with this problem lies in being able to show to the victim and to other victims who are unwilling to report incidences of bullying that reporting it to the proper authorities is the proper thing to do.In most cases, victims of bullying are tentative to report any instance of bullying because they are not assured that the problem can be dealt with (Kim 2006). The best method is i n being able to assure the victim that there are people who are there to support him and help him out in this process (Storch 2005). The victim has to be assured of the fact that he is not isolated from any help. The victim also needs to know that the incident will not increase in frequency or gravity once it has been reported to the proper authorities such as teachers or school personnel.In being able to do this, the incidence of bullying can be drastically reduced when other children who have been victims themselves see that something can be done about the problem of bullying (Storch 2005). Assessing the Bully One of the most overlooked aspects in dealing with the problem of bullying has to do with being able to address the problem at the source which means dealing with the bully (Harris 2006).Bullies who are encouraged or not shown the mistakes that they are committing have a high tendency of exhibiting such aggressive behavior outside of the school setting and eventually bringin g them into the other environments which they are immersed in and thus perpetuating this wrongful behavior. The problem of bullying, as mentioned earlier, must be dealt with at its source in other to prevent more acts of bullying from happening.This method however is trickier than it seems because when approaching or confronting a bully it must be remembered that the person may feel that such act is a sign of aggression and may react conformably. The steps with which to deal with a bully must be done in a very non-threatening manner thus reinforcing the idea that aggression is not the best way to deal with problems (Storch 2005). The bully must be made to understand that such aggressive behavior has a detrimental impact on not only the victim but on the psychological and emotional growth of the bully as well.Counseling by an expert or peer counseling has been shown to be highly effective in these instances. CONCLUSION Bullying does not have to be something that society just has to t olerate. Neither does bullying have to be something that a child needs to experience and be able to â€Å"outgrow† in order to become a more mature and responsible adult. As this discourse has shown, there are indeed steps that can be taken by persons in authority to curb the occurrences of bullying. The problem must first be identified correctly.The next step is to properly address whatever feelings the victim may have regarding the incident and ensuring that the aggressive behavior that the victim has experienced does not repeat itself. After this, proper programs to encourage witnesses and victims to report any incidents of bullying that occur have to be done. The final step in solving this social problem is in trying to address the problem from the side of the bully and ensuring that whatever reason the bully had for doing such is given attention and making sure that the event does not happen again.Proper implementation of these measures will surely help in reducing if no t ridding society of this problem concerning bullying. References: Batsche, G. M. , & Knoff, H. M. Bullies and their victims: Understanding a pervasive problem in the schools, (1994) School PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW, 23 (2), 165-174. EJ 490 574. Hazler, R. J. , Carney, J. V. , Green, S. , Powell, R. , & Jolly, L. S. Areas of Expert Agreement on Identification of School Bullies and Victims, (1997). School Psychology International, 18, 3-12. Kim, B. L.Leventhal, Y. -J. Koh, A. Hubbard, and W. T. Boyce School Bullying and Youth Violence: Causes or Consequences of Psychopathologic Behavior? Arch Gen Psychiatry, September 1, 2006; 63(9): 1035 – 1041. Storch, E. and D. R. Ledley Peer Victimization and Psychosocial Adjustment in Children: Current Knowledge and Future Directions Clinical Pediatrics, January 1, 2005; 44(1): 29 – 38. Harris, S. and C. Hathorn Texas Middle School Principals' Perceptions of Bullying on Campus NASSP Bulletin, March 1, 2006; 90(1): 49 – 69.

MDMA Abuses Problems

MDMA Abuses Problems The introduction The effect of MDMA on people’s brain When speaking about neurobiology of MDMA (3,4 meythylenedioxymethamphetamine) abuse, it is necessary to highlight some fundamentals concerning the effect of one of the major drugs on people’s brain. First of all, it should be pointed out that ecstasy impacts on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on MDMA Abuse’s Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, one is to keep in mind that the effect on neurons is neurotoxic. The effect of the drug was studied on the basis of animal model. Thus, rodents and primates took part in the research. â€Å"Recent studies in transgenic and knockout mice identified the role of dopamine transporters, nitric oxide, apoptotic proteins, and inflammatory cytokines in amphetamines neurotoxicity† (Itzhak Achat-Mendes, 2004, p. 249). Later, it became obvious that dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotoxicity can be also applied to human studies; so, the outcomes of human abuse of ecstasy could also be investigated. As far as neurobiology of MDMA abuse was studied on the basis of animal research and the behavioral corollaries, one can make a conclusion that the most important methods of research were case study, experiment, and survey (see below). The body The methods of research and their detailed description Yacoubian’s survey 3,4-meythylenedioxymethamphetamine impacts on central nervous system. The drug is recognized to be one of the strongest psychostimulants. MDMA is considered to be one of the most widespread drugs on the territory of the Midwest and the West Coast of America. Generally, it should be pointed out that â€Å"A study of drug-using behavior of 43000 10th graders in the US showed that 7% had lifetime ecstasy use, 5% had used within the past year and 2% within the previous 30 days† (Yacoubian, 2002, p. 225-230). Repeated use of the drug causes not only addiction, but also depression and violent behavior. Neuronal damage was observed from animal and human investigations. The key variables, which were used in the research included DA (levels of dopamine), DAT (DA transporter), 5 HT (5-hydroxytriptamine), 5HTT (5-HT transporter). Neurotoxicity and depletion seem to define the effects of MDMA. Thus, neurotoxicity was used to define cell death; while depletion is mostly associated with depletion of monoamines.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The methods of research are of particular attention, as case study gave the researchers an opportunity to gather detailed information about neurobiological effects of MDMA on animals and human beings. Moreover, it became possible to obverse the behavioral processes of test objects over a period of time. Thus, it is obvious that case study c annot exist without experiment. In other words, both methods cannot be regarded separately. A survey of 3500 visitors, in its turn, provided researchers with an opportunity to reveal poly-drug use of MDMA, METH, and cocaine. Due to the method of research, it became possible to define the most common drugs. Parrott’s experiment methods Case study and experiment methods, which were related to MDMA users, provided the researchers with an opportunity to establish an interdependence between the dose of the drug and cognitive impairments. â€Å"Cognitive deficits were identified in 19, 52 and 73% of novice, moderate and heavy ecstasy users, respectively; these deficits were attributed to hippocampal and pre-frontal cortex dysfunction as a result of drug use† (Parrott et. al., 2002, p. 309-312). So, due to the above-mentioned methods it was proven that METH is considered to be more neurotoxic than ecstasy. A survey gave the researchers an opportunity to establish the so-calle d environment of METH-abused and MDMA users. Thus, according to the data, METH is used by persons who know each other (in other words, the drug is used in familiar environment), and MDMA is mostly used by large groups of people, who do not know each other (in other words, the drug is used in a novel environment). Experiments with animals (rodents), gave the researchers an opportunity to establish an interdependence between a stressful environment and neurotoxicity of 3,4-meythylenedioxymethamphetamine. Thus, it was proven that stress reduces neurotoxicity. Moreover, it should be pointed out that MDMA contains some other substances, which cause the so-called effect of neuroprotection. For this reason, one can make a conclusion that neurotoxicity of MDMA as compared with METH is lower. Kish’s case study The results of case study show that ecstasy impacts on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. There is a certain interdependence between depression and serotonergic depletion. O n the other hand, it was proven that the effect of MDMA on dopaminergic neurons is more desctructive, as it may lead to development of Parkinsonism in humans. Generally, the assumption seems to be rather ambiguous, as â€Å"it was argued that there is no direct evidence linking MDMA abuse to Parkinson’s disease, and that some of the methods and criteria employed to determine monoamines’ depletion in human studies were inadequate† (Kish, 2003, p. 1219-1223).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on MDMA Abuse’s Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it should be pointed out that the depletion of levels of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease is higher in relation to the depletion of monoamines. â€Å"Therefore, a reasonable concern with human METH and/or MDMA abuse is whether subtle neurotoxicity might render the organism more susceptible to future neurodegenerative disorder s, such as Parkinson’s disease† (Itzhak Achat-Mendes, 2004, p. 250). Generally, the methods the researchers used were quite persuasive; however, some important disadvantages cannot be neglected too. Thus, it is still unclear whether the research can be called totally reliable or no. In my opinion, one can trust the results of case study and experiment, but it is evident that some errors may exist. For instance, the effect of MDMA on brain depends upon the accuracy of the experiment. In other words, one is to keep in mind that human users of MDMA practice other drugs too. For this reason, other substances, including alcohol, cocaine, etc. impact on the qualities and, therefore, the effects of 3,4-meythylenedioxymethamphetamine. On the other hand, it is necessary to remember that MDMA may contain numerous other substances (drugs), which most widespread are ketamine, salicylates, METH, etc. Thus, as far as MDMA and other substances may increase neurotoxicity, such element s as â€Å"ketamine and dextromethorphan can attenuate neurotoxicity by blockade of N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) type of glutamate receptors which is known to afford neuroprotection† (Itzhak Achat-Mendes, 2004, p. 250-251). That is why the methods cannot be regarded as totally reliable; there can be some inherent problems of the study. The above-mentioned limitations of clinical investigations proved the interdependence between the effects of 3,4-meythylenedioxymethamphetamine and its chemical composition. In other words, one can make a conclusion that the pharmacological effects of MDMA depend upon the accuracy of the experiment. The conclusion Case study, experiment and survey Case study, experiment, and survey are recognized to be the most widespread research methods. They provide the researchers with an opportunity to gather important statistical data and establish a relation between different variables. However, it should be noted that any method of the research contains certain errors within acceptable limits.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References Itzhak, Y. Achat-Mendes, C. (2004). Methamphetamine and MDMA (Ecstasy) Neurotoxicity: â€Å"Of Mice and Men†. University of Miami School of Medicine. Retrieved from: https://www.hawaii.edu/ Kish, S. J. (2003). What is the Evidence that Ecstasy (MDMA) Can Cause Parkinson’s Disease? Mov. Disord. 18, 1219 – 1223. Parrott, A. C., Buchanan, T., Scholey, A. B., Heffernan, T., Ling, J., Rodgers, J. (2002). Ecstasy/MDMA Attributed Problems Reported by Novice, Moderate and Heavy Recreational Users. Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp. 17, 309 – 312. Yacoubian, G. S. Jr. (2002). Correlates of Ecstasy Use among Tenth Graders Surveyed Through Monitoring the Future. J. Psychoactive Drugs 34, 225 – 230.

3 Amazing CoSchedule Features That Will Keep You Super Organized

3 Amazing Features That Will Keep You Super Organized If marketers have anything in common it’s that we all need fewer scheduling headaches and more free time. We need to stay organized, and that’s why we built in the first place. It’s also why we keep adding more time-saving features to your favorite editorial calendar. As we head into a new year of publishing, here are a few of our newest and most popular features that you should already be using to save time while staying organized. They are all new, and exclusively available in our newest set of plans.Feature #1: Google Chrome Extension Curate content from around the web and track it on your calendar. Our brand new Google Chrome Extension is the answer to one of our most requested features of all time. has always made it easy to schedule social media messages that promote your own content, but many marketers are also looking for an easier way to curate content from around the web. With our new extension, you can quickly add social messages from anywhere on the web to your calendar. Youll have a perfectly-tuned social media presence in no time. Can I tell you, I FREAKING LOVE ! Why didnt I jump on this MONTHS ago? Its SO awesome being able to just schedule this stuff and know that its going out,  that Im promoting, but dont have to be sitting on the computer (as I most often do) to do it!!! - Lynne Feifer Feature #2: Built-In Headline Analyzer Write the best headlines without ever leaving .  You know that headlines matter. They matter a lot. A well-optimized headline can get you more shares, retweets, clicks, likes, and loves. More importantly, a great headline can help you get the traffic you deserve for each and every post. At , we’ve collected data from millions of blog posts to  develop the internets leading Headline Analyzer Tool, and now that technology is built right into - saving you time, and making your marketing even better. As you are creating new blog posts and marketing content you can now score your overall headline quality in seconds and rate its ability to result in social shares, increased traffic, and SEO value. Headline Analyzer is awesome! Always more reasons to love .† - Danielle, Blue Kite Marketing Feature #3: Evernote + Google Docs FTW Write your content in Evernote (or Google Docs) and convert it into WordPress  with a single click.   The world of a marketer includes many tools- including a few that are specifically geared at content creation. We asked our customers what their most important editing tools were and both Google Docs and Evernote immediately jumped to the top of the list. During the past year, we’ve integrated with both.Now, allows you to connect your Evernote Notes or Google Docs directly to . To sweeten the deal, weve even built a way to convert those Notes (or docs) into real live WordPress blog posts. Simply click convert, and we’ll import all your formatting, text, and images directly into WordPress without skipping a beat. It’s the perfect integration to leverage some of your favorite tools, while saving tons of time in the process.

The Developing Manager Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words - 1

The Developing Manager - Assignment Example It is highly important for the managers in the hospitality industry to develop effective managerial and leadership strategies and skills in order to maintain effective workplace environment. However, frequent changes in the business environment make it important for the hospitality managers to develop potential skills in order to establish and maintain a bright career. Recently, several organizations within the global hospitality industry are trying to develop and implement workplace diversity strategy in business operation process in order to enhance strategy development and knowledge sharing process. Moreover, several leading domestic and multinational organizations are trying to make changes in goal development and strategy implementation process due to constant and critical changes in the global business environment. Therefore, it is highly essential for the managers to assess own management skill performance.   Communication skill is one of my major personal as well as managerial strengths that help me to meet the developed organizational goals. It is true that employees are the major assets of an organization. It is highly important for each and every manager in an organization to maintain an effective relationship between the employees and top-level management through transparent and cl.ear communication. I always try to listen to both personal and professional needs and wants of employees as it is an important job responsibility of the manager.